The Kingdom of Sundanese Sumedang Larang

This is a history and a family tree of Wangsadikoesoemah's family from Sumedang as descedants of Sumedang Larang Kingdom.

The kingdom Sumedang Larang was the royal continuer Sundanese Pakuan Pajajaran available in the West Java province,Indonesia. The kingdom of Sundanese Pakuan Pajajaran ended in the Pakuan territory, Bogor, because of the alliance attacked of Cirebon kingdoms, Banten and Demak (Central Java). Since then, Sumedang Larang it was considered became the continuer Pajajaran and became the kingdom that had autonomy of the area to determine his fate personally.

The origin name

The Sumedang Larang Kingdom came from the fragment of the religious Sunda-Galuh Hindu kingdom, that was established by Prabu Geusan Ulun Aji Putih on the orders of Prabu Suryadewata before the Galuh Palace was moved to Pajajaran in Bogor. Together with the change in the time and leadership, the Sumedang name experienced several changes. The first that is the Kingdom Tembong Great (Tembong meaning that visible and Great meaning that noble, showed to Greatest of the Lord) was led by Prabu Guru Aji Putih in the age to XII. Prabu Guru Aji Putih had a son named Prabu Tajimalela and afterwards in the Prabu Tajimalela time period, was replaced to Himbar Buana, it means Lighting the nature, Prabu Tajimalela had said “Insun medal; Insun madangan”. Meaning that " I was born; I lighted ". Sumedang words were taken from Insun Madangan words that changed became Sun Madang, furthermore became Sumedang. There were also assumed came from Insun Medal words that changed became Sumedang and Larang significant as something with power.

Prabu Agung Resi Cakrabuana (950 M)

Prabu Geusan Ulun

Prabu Geusan Ulun was known with Prabu Angkawijaya(1580-1608 M.) was crowned to replace the authority of his father, Prince Santri. He appointed Kutamaya as the capital of the kingdom of Sumedang Larang, location at the west of the city. His authority areas covered Kuningan, Bandung, Garut, Tasik, Sukabumi (Priangan) except Galuh (Ciamis). The Sumedang kingdom in the Prabu Geusan Ulun period experienced the progress that was fast in the social field, the culture, the religion, militer and the government's politics. 

In the beginning period of the Prabu Geusan Ulun government, Pajajaran Galuh Pakuan Kingdom was in  destruction period because was attacked by the Banten Kingdom that was led by Sultan Maulana Yusuf in order to spread the Islam Religion. Because of the attack the Pajajaran Kingdom was destroyed. In defeat moments of the Pajajaran Kingdom,Prabu Siliwangi before leaving his Palace delegated four choice soldiers, of the right hands of Prabu Siliwangi to go to the Sumedang Kingdom with the Pajajaran people to look for the protection that was acknowledged as Kandaga Lante. This Kandaga Lante handed over the crown of the authority of King Pajajaran of symbol gold, the necklace compiled two and three, also other jewellery like benten, siger, tampekan, and shoulder lightning (this heirloom was still being kept in the Prabu Geusan Ulun Museum the Sumedang). Kandaga Lante that hand over this four people that is Sanghyang Hawu or Embah Jayaperkosa, Batara Dipati Wiradijaya or Embah Nangganan, Sanghyang Kondanghapa, and Batara Pancar Buana or Embah Terong Peot.

Although at that time the place of the coronation of the king was seized by Banten troops (wadyabala Banten) but the royal crown was rescued. The crown had being given to Prabu Geusan Ulun, then could be considered that the Pajajaran Galuh Pakuan Kingdom became part of the Sumedang Larang Kingdom, so as the Sumedang Larang royal territory became wide. His west territory limit of the Cisadane River, his east territory limit of the Cipamali River (except Cirebon and Jayakarta), the next limit north him Javanese Sea, and the next limit south him the Indian Ocean.

Sumedang Larang royal politics was urged by three enemies: that is the Kingdom Banten that felt was insulted and did not receive with the Prabu Geusan Ulun appointment as the replacement Prabu Siliwangi; troops of VOC in Jayakarta that always disturbed the people; and the Cirebon Sultanate that was frightened gathered with the Banten Sultanate. In the period of the Mataram Sultanate was in his glory period, many small kingdoms in  the Indonesian Archipelago that said gathered to Mataram. With also the aim of politics finally Prabu Geusan Ulun said gathered with the Mataram Sultanate and he went to Demak with the aim of better understanding the Islam religion by being accompanied by his four loyal soldiers (Kandaga Lante). After from the islamic school in Demak, before coming home to Sumedang he dropped by at Cirebon to meet Panembahan Queen the Cirebon ruler, and was welcomed with happy because the two of them together the descendants Sunan Gunung Jati. 

With the attitude and his behaviour that were very exemplary as well as his face that charmed, Prabu Geusan Ulun was liked by the inhabitants in Cirebon. The King Panembahan Ratu's queen who was named Queen Harisbaya felt in love to Prabu Geusan Ulun. When in the trip came home evidently without he was knowing, Queen Harisbaya joined the group, and because Queen Harisbaya threatened to suicide had finally been brought came home to Sumedang. Because of the incident, Panembahan Ratu was really angry and sent troops to take again Queen Harisbaya, from that there were warfare between Cirebon and Sumedang.

Finally Sultan Agung from Mataram ask for to Panembahan Ratu to reach an agreement and divorce Queen Harisbaya that was original  from Pajang-Demak and was married off by Sultan Agung with Panembahan Ratu. Panembahan Ratu was prepared with the Sumedang condition to hand over the next territory west the Cilutung River (now Majalengka) to become the Cirebon territory. Because of the warfare also the capital was moved to the Rengganis Mountain, that now is acknowledged as Dayeuh Luhur.

Prabu Geusan Ulun had three wives: the first Nyi Mas Cukang Gedeng Waru, the daughter of Sunan Pada; the second Queen Harisbaya from Cirebon, and the third Nyi Mas Pasarean. From his three wives he had fivetheen childrens:

- Prince Rangga Gede, that became the future regent Sumedang

Prabu Geusan Ulun was the last king of the Sumedang Larang Kingdom, because the next one became part of Mataram and the king's rank descended to adipati (the regent). After dying during 1608, his adopted son Prince Rangga Gempol Kusumadinata or Rangga Gempol I, was known by the name of Raden Aria Soeradiwangsa replaced his leadership. 

The government under Mataram

In the Aria Soeriadiwangsa period the authority of Sumedang Larang has in the area descended and Mataram carried out the expansion of the territory to all the corners of the homeland including to Sumedang. At that time Sumedang Larang already did not have the strength to oppose that finally Prince Aria Soeriadiwangsa went to Mataram to state Sumedang became part of the Mataram territory during 1620 under Sultan Agung. This the implementation as efforts to make the Sumedang territory the Mataram defence territory from the Banten royal attack and the Netherlands, that were experiencing the conflict with Mataram. The Sultan was Agung afterwards gave the order to Rangga Gempol as well as his troops to lead the attack to Sampang, Madura. Whereas the government was for the time being handed over to his brother, Dipati Rangga Gede. 

The second-hand territory the kingdom of Sumedang Larang was replaced by the name to Priangan that came from words “Prayangan” that meant the area that came from giving that emerged from the sincere heart and Prince Aria Soeriadiwangsa was appointed to Regent Sumedang first and was given by the Rangga Gempol I  (1601 – 1625 M.). Sumedang became part of the Mataram territory because of Prince Aria Soeriadiwangsa I thought; 1. Sumedang has been weak from the aspect of military, 2. Avoided the attack from Mataram because at that time Mataram widened his authority territory from the aspect of the Mataram strength was stronger than Sumedang and 3. Avoided also the attack from Cirebon and VOC. Sultan  Agung was afterwards divided the Priangan territory to several their respective regencies into parts was headed by a Regent, to coordinate the regents was appointed a Regent Wadana. Prince Rangga Gempol I was Regent Sumedang that double as as Regent Wadana Priangan first (1601 – 1625 M.).

When a half of the strength of the military kadipaten Sumedang Larang was ordered to go to Madura on the decree of Sultan Agung, came from Banten royal troops to attack. Because Rangga Gede could not keep the attack of Banten royal troops, he had finally escaped. This defeat made angry Sultan Agung so he kept Dipati Rangga Gede, and the further government was handed over to Dipati Ukur.

The distribution of the kingdom territory

After being finished his punishment, Dipati Rangga Gede was given by the re-authority to govern in Sumedang. Whereas the Priangan territory outside Sumedang and Galuh (Ciamis), by Mataram was divided into three parts:

- the Sukapura Regency, was led by Ki Wirawangsa Umbul Sukakerta, the title of Tumenggung Wiradegdaha/R.Wirawangsa,

- the Bandung Regency, was led by Ki Astamanggala Umbul Cihaurbeuti, the title of Tumenggung Wirangun-angun,

- the Parakanmuncang Regency, was led by Ki Somahita Umbul Sindangkasih, the title of Tumenggung Tanubaya.

All those territories was supervised by the supervision of Rangga Gede (or Rangga Gempol II), was pointed out by Mataram as Wadana Regent (the head of the regents) Priangan.

The legacy of culture

Until  now, Sumedang status is still the regency, as legacy of the political conflict that many diintervensi by the Mataram Kingdom in the period. As for the history artefact took the form of the war heirloom, the attribute of the kingdom, the kings's equipment and the old text of the legacy of the Sumedang Larang Kingdom could be still being seen generally in the Prabu Geusan Ulun Museum, Sumedang his location exact in south the Sumedang city town square, was united with the Srimanganti Building and the regional government's local building.

King and Regent of Sumedang

a. The period of kingdom

b. The period of regent under Mataram

c. The period of VOC influenced

d. The period of temporary regent

e.  The period of Netherlands Goverment

f. The period of  Republic of Indonesia